NSCC Taking on a Bigger Global Role as Reactor Exports Expand from UAE to Czech Republic
Rising Demand for Nuclear Energy
As the world grapples with an insatiable hunger for energy, particularly to fuel data centers for artificial intelligence, nuclear power is stepping back into the limelight. This resilient and low-carbon energy source is increasingly recognized as one of the few scalable solutions to meet global energy demands. In this context, the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) of South Korea has found itself becoming an essential player in managing the intricacies of nuclear power safety and regulation.
The NSSC’s Expanding Role
Established 13 years ago, the NSSC has transformed into a pivotal regulatory body at the heart of South Korea’s nuclear energy future. This state agency not only oversees the licensing of new reactors but also assesses the operational viability of aging power plants. Choi Won-ho, the chair of the NSSC, emphasizes the critical nature of their mandate: “Nuclear power cannot operate without absolute safety.” This philosophy guides the commission as it navigates the delicate balance between industry growth and public safety.
Rigorous Safety Reviews
One of the cornerstone responsibilities of the NSSC is conducting thorough safety reviews throughout a nuclear plant’s life cycle. This involves scrutinizing new reactor designs, evaluating requests from operators for extended lifespans of existing reactors, and appraising the safety of Korean reactors situated overseas. Choi notes, “Every new design and every operation request eventually comes to us.” This places the NSSC as the final authority in ensuring nuclear safety standards are upheld.
Innovating for the Future
As new technologies emerge, the NSSC is preparing for a wave of innovative nuclear designs. South Korea’s commitment to developing its own Small Modular Reactor (i-SMR) and exploring advanced concepts such as molten salt reactors requires that the NSSC incorporate fresh licensing frameworks and scientific safety criteria. This adaptability is crucial in an ever-evolving energy landscape.
Exporting Nuclear Safety Expertise
Korea’s momentum in the global nuclear market is startling, marking milestones like the signing of an $18 billion contract with the Czech Republic to construct two APR-1000 reactors. This venture follows the successful deployment of the APR-1400 reactors in the United Arab Emirates, highlighting South Korea’s transition to become a key player in international nuclear trade. But with this expansion comes a need for regulatory cooperation and knowledge sharing.
Choi states, “Many importing countries lack hands-on experience with nuclear projects, and we know the reactors we export very well.” The NSSC is stepping up to assist these nations by offering insights into safety standards and approval processes—without cost. In the Czech Republic, for instance, while the local authorities will issue design certifications, the NSSC is conducting an independent safety evaluation of the APR-1000.
Active Participation in Global Governance
Beyond bilateral partnerships, the NSSC plays a significant role in international nuclear governance. It participates in the International Nuclear Regulators’ Association, formed by nine leading countries, including the US and France. These jurisdictions convene regularly to discuss pressing issues such as regulatory efficiency and the future of fusion energy oversight.
Given the shared risks associated with nuclear energy in Northeast Asia, the NSSC maintains a trilateral communication network with Japan and China to exchange safety information and conduct emergency response drills collaboratively. Choi emphasizes that “regulation only works when countries cooperate,” underlining the importance of collective learning in enhancing global nuclear safety.
Managing Domestic Challenges
Domestically, the NSSC faces escalating pressures. With climbing electricity demands and older reactors seeking extensions for operation, the commission’s workload is growing. Recently, it authorized the continued operation of the Kori Unit 2 reactor, a decision that came after extensive technical evaluations. Choi explains, “We don’t decide whether a reactor should keep operating. Our role is to determine whether safety can be guaranteed.”
In addition to overseeing nuclear plants, the NSSC’s mandate includes various responsibilities such as monitoring Japan’s water discharges from Fukushima, ensuring radiation exposure levels for airline crew, and inspecting imported nuclear materials. As demand for electricity continues to rise, fueled by phenomena like AI advancements, the urgency for vigilant safety regulation is sharper than ever.
Upholding Independence and Standards
Amidst the increasing workload and growing influence in the global arena, Choi stresses the importance of the NSSC maintaining its independence and adherence to scientific standards. “As an independent state regulator, we will continue to ensure that every decision is made strictly according to the procedures and standards set by law,” he asserts. This commitment to integrity underscores the NSSC’s foundational goal: ensuring the safety and security of nuclear energy, both nationally and internationally.
By navigating the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing energy landscape, the NSSC is not just a domestic regulator but is increasingly becoming an essential advocate for nuclear safety on a global scale.