Turkey’s Rising Geothermal Power Capacity: A Renewable Energy Leader
Turkey has emerged as a global powerhouse in geothermal energy, currently ranking fourth in the world for geothermal power capacity. With an impressive capacity of 1.73 gigawatts (GW), the nation boasts a geothermal resource base equivalent to that of the combined total of the European Union and Iceland. The geothermal power sector is not only significant for electricity generation but also integral to Turkey’s strategy for energy sustainability.
Localization and Domestic Manufacturing
Turkey’s commitment to boosting its geothermal capacity is reflected in its remarkable localization rate, which has now reached 55%. This means that domestic companies are responsible for the production of crucial components such as generators, power electronics, turbines, and steam injectors—components that were traditionally imported. According to Abdullah Tancan, the Deputy Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, the localization of these technologies has led to the establishment of 50 component manufacturers and 350 subsuppliers within the geothermal sector, altogether employing around 50,000 people.
Contribution to National Energy Goals
In 2022, geothermal power plants accounted for approximately 3.2% of Turkey’s total electricity output, contributing 11.2 terawatt-hours (TWh) out of a national total of 350 TWh. As Turkey aims to increase energy security and reduce dependency on external resources, the geothermal sector plays a pivotal role. Tancan emphasizes that the nation’s energy policy centers on localizing resources and technologies while ensuring market predictability to achieve its net zero emissions target by 2053.
Future Outlook and Growth Potential
Despite its impressive current standing, Turkey’s geothermal capacity has seen slower growth in recent years, adding only 120 MW since 2020. Yet, Tancan remains optimistic, highlighting that the sector has an untapped potential of around 5 GW. The Chairman of the Geothermal Power Plant Investors Association (JESDER), Ufuk Şentürk, envisions expansive opportunities in sectors such as geothermal-heated greenhouses, where Turkey could enhance its agricultural exports, potentially surpassing traditional leaders like the Netherlands.
Supporting Framework and International Trends
Government initiatives such as the Renewable Energy Resources Support Mechanism (YEKDEM) have been crucial in providing incentives for geothermal projects. These programs make investments in geothermal energy more attractive for both domestic and foreign investors, enabling Turkish companies to also explore opportunities abroad.
Globally, the International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that geothermal energy could meet up to 15% of the anticipated growth in electricity demand by 2050. This international perspective underscores the significance of Turkey’s investments in renewable energy, particularly in geothermal.
Conclusion
As Turkey continues to develop its geothermal resources, its strategic focus on localization, job creation, and sustainability will play a vital role in shaping the future of its energy landscape. In a world increasingly oriented towards renewable energy solutions, Turkey stands poised to be a leading example within the geothermal sector.