The Green Energy Revolution: China’s Role in Africa’s Transition
By Nnanda Kizito Sseruwagi
As the world steadily shifts towards clean and sustainable energy, China’s footprint in Africa’s green transition is becoming more pronounced and impactful. With its vast investments in various energy sectors—solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and even nuclear—China has established itself as a key player in addressing Africa’s energy challenges, especially in the face of climate change and energy scarcity.
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)
China’s commitment to Africa’s energy landscape is orchestrated through initiatives like the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). This platform addresses Africa’s urgent need for sustainable energy solutions. By aligning with global climate goals, China not only advances its own strategic interests but also plays a critical role in creating an energy infrastructure that supports socio-economic development across the continent. Currently, China has helped install over 23 gigawatts of electricity capacity in 27 countries throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
Solar Energy Initiatives
Rural populations, which make up over 55% of Africa, stand to gain immensely from solar energy solutions. Countries like Kenya have benefitted particularly from China’s expertise. The Garissa Solar Power Plant is a prime example; this 54.6 MW project, built by China Jiangxi International Kenya and funded by the Export-Import Bank of China, is now the largest grid-connected solar facility in East and Central Africa. It serves around 70,000 households, significantly reducing energy costs and improving accessibility since its inception in November 2018.
In the Central African Republic, ongoing collaborations to combat climate change include projects like the Sakai Photovoltaic Power Station. Meanwhile, Namibia is expected to see significant advancements with a new solar plant slated for completion in 2024, boasting a capacity of 100 MW. These efforts exemplify China’s overarching commitment to renewable energy and economic revitalization.
Wind Power Developments
Wind energy is another crucial area of collaboration. Kenya’s Lake Turkana Wind Power Project, which stands as Africa’s largest wind farm, was established with Chinese investment, delivering over 15% of the nation’s electricity. Ethiopia is poised for further growth, with the Aysha Wind Power Project set to generate 2,000 MW by 2030, showcasing China’s long-term vision in expanding Africa’s renewable energy portfolio.
Similarly, in South Africa, China Energy Investment Group’s De Aar Wind Power Project taps into the Northern Cape’s windy terrain, adding to the continent’s wind power capacity. These wind projects not only reflect technological acumen but also China’s commitment to diversifying African energy resources.
Hydropower Projects
Hydropower comprises 63% of China’s energy financing in Africa, underscoring its importance in the green energy mix. Major projects like Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam, which boasts a staggering capacity of 6,450 MW, and Zambia’s Kafue Gorge Hydroelectric Station exemplify China’s technical expertise and financial commitment to the continent. The Kafue Gorge alone received $2 billion from Chinese banks, emphasizing a robust public-private partnership model.
China’s involvement in Nigeria’s Mambilla Hydroelectric Power Project, anticipated to produce 3,050 MW, further showcases the alignment of Chinese investment with Africa’s ambitions for energy self-sufficiency. These hydropower initiatives not only contribute to national grids but also employ thousands of locals, enhancing capacities to manage and sustain energy resources.
Geothermal and Nuclear Energy Advancements
Beyond the more common renewable energy sectors, geothermal energy is gaining traction, with Kenya leading the charge. Backed by Chinese investments, Kenya’s geothermal installations have reached an impressive capacity of 863 MW. The Menengai Crater Geothermal Power Plant is a notable project funded with $93 million from the Chinese firm PowerChina, highlighting the hybridization of energy solutions in Africa.
Moreover, discussions have emerged about potential investments in nuclear energy, marking a significant shift in Africa’s energy narrative. In July 2025, the China National Nuclear Corporation began dialogues with the Rwandan government regarding cooperation in nuclear energy generation, indicating a push towards a more diversified and technologically advanced energy landscape.
Conclusion
Through strategic investments and targeted projects, China is not just a player but a pivotal architect in Africa’s green energy transition. This partnership marks a promising evolution in addressing pressing energy needs while aligning with global sustainability goals. As these initiatives unfold, the partnership between China and Africa could serve as a blueprint for collaborative energy solutions worldwide.